Battery management sytems of electric and hybrid electric vehicles
The battery management system (BMS) is a critical component of electric and hybrid electric vehicles. The purpose of the BMS is to guarantee safe and reliable battery operation. To maintain the safety and reliability of the battery, state monitoring and evaluation, charge control, and cell balancing are functionalities that have been implemented in BMS. As an electrochemical product, a battery acts differently under different operational and environmental conditions.
2021
The battery management system (BMS) is a critical component of electric and hybrid electric vehicles. The purpose of the BMS is to guarantee safe and reliable battery operation. To maintain the safety and reliability of the battery, state monitoring and evaluation, charge control, and cell balancing are functionalities that have been implemented in BMS. As an electrochemical product, a battery acts differently under different operational and environmental conditions. The uncertainty of a battery’s performance poses a challenge to the implementation of these functions. This paper addresses concerns for current BMSs. State evaluation of a battery, including state of charge, state of health, and state of life, is a critical task for a BMS. Through reviewing the latest methodologies for the state evaluation of batteries, the future challenges for BMSs are presented and possible solutions are proposed as well.
Similar to the engine management system in a gasoline car, a gauge meter should be provided by the BMS in EVs and HEVs. BMS indicators should show the state of the safety, usage, performance, and longevity of the battery. Due to volatility, flammability and entropy changes, a lithium-ion battery could ignite if overcharged. This is a serious problem, especially in EV and HEV applications, because an explosion could cause a fatal accident [5]. Moreover, over-discharge causes reduced cell capacity due to irreversible chemical reactions. Therefore, a BMS needs to monitor and control the battery based on the safety circuitry incorporated within the battery packs. Whenever any abnormal conditions, such as over-voltage or overheating, are detected, the BMS should notify the user and execute the preset correction procedure. In addition to these functions, the BMS also monitors the system temperature to provide a better power consumption scheme, and communicates with individual components and operators. In other words, a comprehensive BMS should include the following functions:
Nicolae Tudoroin. Battery management sytems of electric and hybrid electric vehicles. MDPI, 2021
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